Regulatory

Multi-Market Regulatory Tracker

Real-time regulatory intelligence across 14 European markets

Updated: 22 Jan 2026, 19:10

Installed Solar

298.4 GW

Installed Wind

249.9 GW

Pipeline Capacity

1480 GW

Avg Renewable Share

53.7%

Upcoming Auctions

48

Country Regulatory Overview

14 markets

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
12
Onshore Wind
3.2
Offshore Wind
2.26
Battery
0.4

Active Subsidy Schemes

Two-Sided CfD for Offshore Wind
EU-approved state aid scheme for Princess Elisabeth Zone offshore wind. EUR 682m budget.
CFD
offshore wind
20yr contract
Green Certificates (Regional)
Regional green certificate schemes in Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels. Being phased out for new projects.
GREEN_CERTIFICATE
solar
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

Princess Elisabeth Zone Tender 3
Upcoming
Final PEZ phase. Connected to expanded grid infrastructure.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2028
1,400 MW
Princess Elisabeth Zone Tender 2
Upcoming
1,225-1,400 MW connected to Boucle du Hainaut. Pending tender 1 completion.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
1,400 MW
Princess Elisabeth Zone Tender 1 (Relaunched)
Upcoming
700 MW connected to Ventilus. Original Nov 2024 tender cancelled July 2025 due to legal framework issues. Relaunch Q1 2026 aligned with EU NZIA criteria. Two-sided CfD. EUR 682m state aid approved by EC.
Deadline: 31 Mar 2026
700 MW

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Ventilus high-voltage connection environmental permit pending
  • Princess Elisabeth Island cost concerns (CREG review)
  • Regional grid coordination challenges
Upcoming Improvements
  • Princess Elisabeth Island construction (started April 2024)
  • Ventilus connection development
  • Boucle du Hainaut connection

Recent Policy Changes

PEZ Tender 1 Cancelled and Postponed
Negative

Minister cancels ongoing offshore tender for PE I plot due to legal framework issues. Relaunch Q1 2026 with EU NZIA alignment.

2 Jul 2025|Source: Belgian Government
Princess Elisabeth Island Phase 3 Delay Considered
Negative

Elia considering postponing final phase due to cost concerns and lack of government clarity.

24 Jan 2025|Source: Elia
CREG Cost Review
Negative

CREG raises concerns about Princess Elisabeth Island costs, proposes smaller island (2.1 GW vs 3.5 GW).

15 Jan 2025|Source: CREG
Visit CREG (Commission for Electricity and Gas Regulation)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
117
Onshore Wind
63.5
Offshore Wind
9
Battery
4.5

Active Subsidy Schemes

EEG Auctions
Competitive auctions under Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG 2023). Market premium above spot price. Moving to two-sided CfD by 2027.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
20yr contract
50-75 EUR/MWh
Sliding Feed-in Premium
Market premium paid on top of spot market revenue. Applies to all EEG auction winners.
FIP
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind

Auction Schedule

Onshore Wind Auction November 2026
Upcoming
Final 2026 onshore wind round. Part of 10.5 GW annual target.
Deadline: 1 Nov 2026
3,500 MW
Onshore Wind Auction August 2026
Upcoming
Part of 10.5 GW annual target. Price ceiling 7.35 ct/kWh.
Deadline: 1 Aug 2026
3,500 MW
Solar Auction June 2026
Upcoming
Ground-mounted segment. Price ceiling 6.80 ct/kWh.
Deadline: 1 Jun 2026
3,000 MW
Onshore Wind Auction May 2026
Upcoming
Second 2026 onshore wind auction. Price ceiling 7.35 ct/kWh.
Deadline: 1 May 2026
3,500 MW
Onshore Wind Auction February 2026
Upcoming
First 2026 onshore wind auction.
Deadline: 1 Feb 2026
3,500 MW
Offshore Wind Auction 2026
Upcoming
Annual offshore wind tender. Centralized pre-investigated sites.
Deadline: 1 Aug 2026
4,000 MW
Onshore Wind Auction November 2025
Results
Final 2025 round. 905 bids (8,155 MW) received for 3,450 MW volume. Record low prices: 5.80-6.12 ct/kWh. Most awards in NRW (1,093 MW) and Lower Saxony (1,091 MW).
Deadline: 1 Nov 2025
3,456 MW
Avg: 60.6 EUR/MWh
Onshore Wind Auction August 2025
Results
Part of 10.5 GW annual target. Strong oversubscription.
Deadline: 1 Aug 2025
3,441 MW
Avg: 67.8 EUR/MWh
Solar Auction June 2025
Results
Ground-mounted segment. High participation rate.
Deadline: 1 Jun 2025
2,800 MW
Avg: 62.5 EUR/MWh
Onshore Wind Auction May 2025
Results
Significantly oversubscribed. 4,972 MW bids received for 3,443 MW volume.
Deadline: 1 May 2025
3,447 MW
Avg: 68.3 EUR/MWh
Onshore Wind Auction February 2025
Results
First 2025 onshore wind auction. One of highest levels in recent years. Prices 5.62-7.13 ct/kWh, avg 7.00 ct/kWh.
Deadline: 1 Feb 2025
4,094 MW
Avg: 70 EUR/MWh
Offshore Wind Auction 2024
Results
Zero-subsidy bids with negative bids for some sites. Total bid volume exceeded 50 GW.
Deadline: 1 Aug 2024
8,800 MW
Avg: 0 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • North-South transmission constraints
  • Grid expansion delays (SuedLink, SuedOstLink)
  • Curtailment hotspots in Northern Germany
Upcoming Improvements
  • Accelerated grid expansion under Infrastructure Acceleration Act
  • SuedLink commissioning expected 2028
  • Negative price subsidy cuts under EEG reform

Recent Policy Changes

November 2025 Onshore Wind Auction - Record Low Prices
Positive

BNetzA awards 3,456 MW at record low average price of 6.06 ct/kWh. 2.36x oversubscription with 8,155 MW bids. Growing competition driving prices well below 7.35 ct/kWh ceiling.

15 Dec 2025|Source: BNetzA
Offshore Wind N-10 Areas Receive No Bids
Negative

No bids submitted for German offshore wind areas N-10.1 and N-10.2, reflecting challenging market conditions similar to other European markets.

1 Oct 2025|Source: BNetzA
Renewable Capacity Reaches 210 GW
Positive

Germany added 21 GW in 2025, reaching 210 GW total renewable capacity. Solar reached 117 GW, onshore wind 4.6 GW growth.

8 Jan 2025|Source: BNetzA
Visit Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
4
Onshore Wind
5.2
Offshore Wind
2.7
Battery
0.5

Active Subsidy Schemes

Two-Sided CfD Auctions (New)
State-supported bilateral CfD for offshore wind. Introduced November 2025 after zero-subsidy model failed.
CFD
offshore wind
20yr contract
Technology-Neutral Auctions
Competitive auctions open to all renewable technologies.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
20yr contract
Merchant / PPA
Increasingly merchant market for onshore, corporate PPAs common.
NONE
solar
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

Technology-Neutral Tender 2026
Upcoming
Annual technology-neutral tender. Budget ~DKK 1.5bn.
Deadline: 1 Jun 2026
1,500 MW
North Sea South Offshore Wind
Upcoming
Part of 2.8 GW tender. CfD-based.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2028
Offshore Wind CfD Tender (3 Sites)
Open
North Sea Central, Hesselo, North Sea South. DKK 55.2bn payment cap. Novel capability-based two-sided CfD settled on potential vs actual generation. 20-year support. Lowest minimum price bid wins.
Deadline: 31 Mar 2026
2,800 MW
Bornholm Energy Island Phase 1
Upcoming
First phase of Bornholm Energy Island. Subject to German agreement.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
3,000 MW
Technology-Neutral Tender 2025
Results
Strong solar participation. Budget DKK 1.5bn.
Deadline: 1 Jun 2025
1,500 MW
Avg: 38.5 DKK/MWh
North Sea Offshore Tender (Failed)
Results
No bids received for 3 GW. Zero-subsidy model failed. Cancelled and redesigned.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2024
0

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Limited capacity in some grid areas
  • Interconnector saturation at times
  • Offshore connection requirements
Upcoming Improvements
  • Energy Island development (Bornholm, North Sea)
  • Viking Link to UK operational
  • Grid reinforcement plans
  • Bornholm Energy Island delayed pending German agreement

Recent Policy Changes

New 2.8 GW Offshore CfD Tender Launch
Positive

DEA launches tenders for 3 sites with state-supported two-sided CfD. DKK 55.2bn budget cap.

20 Nov 2025|Source: Energistyrelsen
3 GW Offshore Tender Cancelled
Negative

Denmark cancels zero-subsidy offshore tender after receiving no bids. Redesigning with CfD support.

31 Jan 2025|Source: Energistyrelsen
Bornholm Energy Island EU Funding
Neutral

Bornholm Energy Island receives EUR 645m EU funding. Progress delayed pending new German agreement.

30 Jan 2025|Source: Energistyrelsen
Visit Energistyrelsen (Danish Energy Agency)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
30
Onshore Wind
31.5
Offshore Wind
0
Battery
1.2

Active Subsidy Schemes

REER Auctions
Regimen Economico de Energias Renovables - pay-as-bid auctions with 12-year price guarantees.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
12yr contract
20-35 EUR/MWh
Merchant / PPA
Majority of new capacity built merchant or with corporate PPAs. No subsidy required.
NONE
solar
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

Capacity Market Auction 2026
Upcoming
Second capacity market auction. Expected to include storage and demand response.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2026
REER Auction 2026
Upcoming
New REER round expected. 12-year price guarantees.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
2,000 MW
Offshore Wind Tender 2026
Upcoming
First offshore wind tender following POEM maritime spatial plan approval.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2026
1,500 MW
Capacity Market Auction 2025
Results
First capacity market auction. Strong battery storage participation.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2025
3,200 MW
Avg: 28.5 EUR/MWh
Innovative Renewables Call 2025
Results
EUR 200m awarded for agrivoltaics, floating solar, and energy storage.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2025
500 MW
Avg: 42.3 EUR/MWh
REER Auction October 2022
Results
Last completed REER auction before 2025. Low participation due to high market prices.
Deadline: 19 Oct 2022
1,802 MW
Avg: 30.18 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Severe curtailment in Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha
  • Connection moratorium in saturated nodes
  • 200 GW+ in connection queue
  • Canalization process causing delays
Upcoming Improvements
  • Grid planning reform expected 2025
  • New access capacity allocation mechanism
  • International interconnectors expansion
  • Capacity market auctions from September 2025

Recent Policy Changes

Capacity Market Framework Approved
Positive

Spain to hold first capacity market auctions by September 2025. System operational 2026.

15 Jan 2025|Source: MITECO
EUR 2 Billion Energy Transition Package
Positive

MITECO announces EUR 2bn aid package including EUR 355m renewables manufacturing programme.

1 Dec 2024|Source: MITECO
Storage Regulation Update
Positive

New rules for standalone and hybrid storage including grid service remuneration.

1 Nov 2024|Source: MITECO
Visit MITECO / CNMC

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
1.2
Onshore Wind
9
Offshore Wind
0.1
Battery
0.3

Active Subsidy Schemes

Technology-Neutral Premium Auction
Sliding premium mechanism for renewables via competitive auction. Limited use - market primarily merchant.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
12yr contract
2-10 EUR/MWh
Merchant / PPA
Primary development model. Strong corporate PPA demand from energy-intensive industries.
NONE
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind

Auction Schedule

Offshore Wind Tender 2027
Upcoming
First major offshore tender. Framework under development.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
2,000 MW
Offshore Wind Licensing Round
Upcoming
Offshore wind site licensing framework implementation.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2026
Industrial PPA Support Round
Upcoming
Support for industrial off-takers to enter long-term PPAs. Market-based mechanism.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
1,000 MW
Technology-Neutral Auction 2018
Results
First and only auction. All 7 winning projects were onshore wind at EUR 2.5/MWh average.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2018
1,400 MW
Avg: 2.5 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Northern regions approaching capacity limits
  • Balancing challenges with high wind penetration
  • Negative prices increasingly common
Upcoming Improvements
  • Major transmission reinforcements planned
  • Cross-border interconnector expansion
  • Reserve market diversification

Recent Policy Changes

Wind Surpasses Hydro
Positive

Wind became Finland second largest electricity source (after nuclear) in 2024, surpassing hydropower.

1 Jan 2025|Source: Energiavirasto
Record Wind Capacity
Positive

Finland reaches 9 GW installed wind capacity. 24% of electricity from wind in 2024.

1 Dec 2024|Source: Finnish Wind Power Association
PPA Market Growth
Positive

Increased demand for corporate PPAs from energy-intensive industries diversifying revenue streams.

1 Jun 2024|Source: Energiavirasto
Visit Energiavirasto (Energy Authority)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
22
Onshore Wind
23.5
Offshore Wind
2
Battery
0.8

Active Subsidy Schemes

CRE Tenders
Competitive tenders for all technologies with complement de remuneration (top-up payment).
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
20yr contract
55-90 EUR/MWh
Guichet Ouvert (Open Window)
Feed-in premium for small installations (<500kW solar, <6 turbines wind).
FIP
solar
onshore wind
20yr contract

Auction Schedule

AO9/AO10 Offshore Wind (Mediterranean & Brittany)
Upcoming
Mediterranean floating (1,000 MW) and Brittany fixed (1,500 MW). Part of 18 GW offshore target by 2035.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2026
2,500 MW
CRE5 Solar Ground-Mount Period 6
Upcoming
Continuous tender with periodic closing dates. Increased volume.
Deadline: 15 Jun 2026
1,200 MW
CRE5 Onshore Wind PPE2 Round 12
Upcoming
Continued biannual onshore wind tenders.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
1,000 MW
CRE5 Solar Ground-Mount Period 5
Upcoming
First 2026 solar tender period.
Deadline: 15 Feb 2026
1,000 MW
AO7/AO8 Offshore Wind (South Atlantic & Channel)
Results
1,200 MW South Atlantic, 1,500 MW Channel Sea awarded to consortia led by EDF and Iberdrola.
Deadline: 2 Apr 2025
2,700 MW
Avg: 52.3 EUR/MWh
CRE5 Solar Ground-Mount Period 4
Results
Strong participation with price competition.
Deadline: 15 Jun 2025
1,000 MW
Avg: 58.7 EUR/MWh
CRE5 Onshore Wind PPE2 Round 10
Results
42 projects selected from 90+ submissions at EUR 86.6/MWh average.
Deadline: 31 Mar 2025
953 MW
Avg: 86.6 EUR/MWh
Centre Manche 2 Offshore Wind (AO8)
Results
TotalEnergies-RWE consortium selected. EUR 4.5bn investment, France largest renewable project. FID expected early 2029, COD 2033. RWE seeking exit, TotalEnergies to continue as operator. ~40 km offshore Normandy, will generate ~6 TWh/year.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2024
1,500 MW
Avg: 44.9 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Regional constraints in Brittany, PACA
  • Nuclear flexibility coordination
  • International interconnector constraints
Upcoming Improvements
  • SDDR 2024-2034 grid development plan
  • Offshore grid acceleration
  • 18 GW offshore wind target by 2035

Recent Policy Changes

Centre Manche 2 Award
Positive

1.5 GW offshore wind awarded to TotalEnergies-RWE at EUR 44.9/MWh. France largest renewable project, EUR 4.5bn investment. Will power 1 million homes. RWE seeking exit, TotalEnergies to continue as operator.

24 Sept 2025|Source: CRE
Offshore Wind Tender Wave
Positive

AO7 and AO8 specifications published for 2.5 GW offshore capacity. Goal: 10 GW by 2035.

1 Apr 2025|Source: CRE
PPE3 Draft Publication
Positive

Draft energy programming law (PPE) 2024-2033 published with 54 GW solar, 40 GW wind targets.

1 Nov 2024|Source: MTES
Visit Commission de Regulation de lEnergie (CRE)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
18.5
Onshore Wind
15.8
Offshore Wind
15.5
Battery
5.8

Active Subsidy Schemes

Contracts for Difference (CfD)
Two-way CfD providing price stabilization against a reference price. Strike prices set via competitive auction. AR7 uses 2024 prices.
CFD
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
20yr contract
37.35-73 GBP/MWh
CfD for Battery Storage
CfD mechanism for standalone battery storage introduced in AR6, continued in AR7.
CFD
battery
15yr contract

Auction Schedule

CfD Allocation Round 8 (AR8)
Upcoming
Expected GBP 1.5bn budget. Annual auction cycle continues. 20-year contracts.
Deadline: 31 Aug 2026
CfD Allocation Round 7A (AR7A)
Upcoming
Follow-up round for remaining AR7 budget.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
CfD Allocation Round 7 (AR7)
Results
Record 8.4 GW offshore wind across 8 projects at GBP 91/MWh (2024 prices). First round with 20-year contracts. Unlocks GBP 20-27bn private investment. Strike price below GBP 94/MWh breakeven point.
Deadline: 7 Aug 2025
8,400 MW
Avg: 91 GBP/MWh
CfD Allocation Round 6 (AR6)
Results
First round to include battery storage. Record capacity awarded.
Deadline: 27 Mar 2024
4,899 MW
Avg: 58.87 GBP/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Connection queue exceeds 700 GW (Dec 2024)
  • Average wait time 10+ years for new connections
  • Grid reinforcement delays in Scotland
  • Constraint payments increasing
Upcoming Improvements
  • Grid queue reform effective Feb 2025 - TMO4+ requiring 90% deposit
  • Strategic Spatial Energy Plan (SSEP) to streamline offshore grid
  • Holistic Network Design 2 (HND2) implementation
  • Clean Power 2030 Action Plan implementation

Recent Policy Changes

CfD AR7 Offshore Wind Results
Positive

Record 8.4 GW offshore wind secured across 8 projects at GBP 91/MWh. Strike price below GBP 94/MWh breakeven, ~40% lower than equivalent gas. Expected to unlock GBP 20-27bn private investment.

15 Jan 2026|Source: DESNZ
CfD AR7 Launch
Positive

AR7 opened to applications with GBP 1.08bn budget for offshore wind. First round with 20-year contracts and separated technology timelines.

7 Aug 2025|Source: DESNZ
Grid Queue Reform Implementation
Positive

TMO4+ reforms requiring 90% deposit now effective. Expected to clear speculative projects from queue.

1 Feb 2025|Source: DESNZ
Visit Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
2.5
Onshore Wind
5
Offshore Wind
0
Battery
0.8

Active Subsidy Schemes

RESS (Renewable Electricity Support Scheme)
Technology-neutral competitive auctions for onshore renewables. 15-year price support.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
15yr contract
90-110 EUR/MWh
ORESS (Offshore RESS)
Dedicated auction scheme for offshore wind with Phase 1 and Phase 2 frameworks.
AUCTION
offshore wind
20yr contract
86-150 EUR/MWh

Auction Schedule

RESS 7
Upcoming
Annual onshore auction continuation.
Deadline: 1 May 2027
ORESS 4 (Phase 2 Sites)
Upcoming
Phase 2 offshore sites. State-led development model.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
2,500 MW
RESS 6
Upcoming
Expected annual onshore auction. Increased budget.
Deadline: 1 May 2026
1,500 MW
ORESS 3 (SC-DMAP Sites)
Upcoming
Remaining 3 SC-DMAP sites to market. ~3 GW capacity.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
3,000 MW
ORESS Tonn Nua (Second Offshore)
Results
Helvick Head Offshore Wind DAC (ESB-Orsted JV) won at EUR 98.72/MWh. Tonn Nua site off County Waterford, 12 km offshore, 306 km2. 20-year contract. Will power nearly 1 million homes.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2025
900 MW
Avg: 98.72 EUR/MWh
RESS 5
Results
5 wind (219 MW) + 18 solar (860 MW) projects selected at EUR 98.81/MWh average.
Deadline: 29 May 2025
1,079 MW
Avg: 98.81 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Grid reinforcement needed for 80% renewable target
  • Interconnector capacity limitations
  • Offshore grid infrastructure development required
Upcoming Improvements
  • EUR 18.9bn grid upgrade programme announced
  • EirGrid Offshore Electricity Transmission Infrastructure rollout
  • Celtic Interconnector to France (2026)

Recent Policy Changes

EUR 18.9 Billion Grid Investment
Positive

Government allocates EUR 18.9bn for grid upgrades to support 80% renewable electricity by 2030.

22 Dec 2025|Source: DECC
ORESS Tonn Nua Results
Positive

Second offshore wind auction awards 900 MW to Helvick Head (ESB-Orsted) at EUR 98.72/MWh.

15 Dec 2025|Source: EirGrid
RESS 5 Results
Positive

1,079 MW awarded across 23 projects (219 MW wind, 860 MW solar) at EUR 98.81/MWh average.

15 Oct 2025|Source: DECC
Visit Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
35
Onshore Wind
12.8
Offshore Wind
0
Battery
1.8

Active Subsidy Schemes

FER X
New incentive scheme replacing FER 1 and FER 2. Includes storage and offshore wind. Extended through 2028 with 7 annual auctions.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
battery
20yr contract
56.8-73 EUR/MWh

Auction Schedule

FER X Auction Q4 2026
Upcoming
Fourth 2026 auction under FER X. NZIA criteria apply to >1MW projects.
Deadline: 15 Oct 2026
4,000 MW
FER X Auction Q3 2026
Upcoming
Third 2026 auction under FER X.
Deadline: 15 Jul 2026
4,000 MW
FER X Auction Q2 2026
Upcoming
Second 2026 auction under FER X.
Deadline: 15 Apr 2026
4,000 MW
FER X Auction Q1 2026
Upcoming
First 2026 auction under FER X. Continued quarterly schedule.
Deadline: 15 Feb 2026
4,000 MW
Offshore Wind Tender 2026
Upcoming
First major offshore wind tender under FER X. Floating wind focus.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2026
2,000 MW
FER X Auction (NZIA Compliant)
Results
First auction implementing EU NZIA criteria excluding Chinese modules/cells/inverters for >1MW projects.
Deadline: 31 Oct 2025
1,100 MW
Avg: 66.37 EUR/MWh
FER X First Auction
Results
474 solar projects (7.7 GW) at EUR 56.82/MWh, 29 wind farms (940 MW) at EUR 72.85/MWh. 17.5 GW bids received. 20-year two-way CfD. Largest solar 300 MW in Sicily. 82% of available capacity awarded.
Deadline: 15 Sept 2025
8,640 MW
Avg: 56.82 EUR/MWh
FER 1 - Round 13
Results
Final round under FER 1 mechanism.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2024
1,200 MW
Avg: 65.5 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • North-South transmission limitations
  • Sicily and Sardinia interconnection constraints
  • Southern regions near saturation
Upcoming Improvements
  • Tyrrhenian Link commissioning 2028
  • Adriatic Link development
  • New connection queue management rules

Recent Policy Changes

FER X NZIA Auction Results
Positive

1.1 GW solar allocated under first NZIA-compliant auction excluding Chinese equipment for large projects.

12 Dec 2025|Source: GSE
FER X First Auction Results
Positive

Record 8.6 GW allocated: 474 solar projects (7.7 GW) at EUR 56.82/MWh average (37% below ceiling), 29 wind farms (940 MW) at EUR 72.85/MWh. 17.5 GW bids received.

3 Dec 2025|Source: GSE
FER X Decree Implementation
Positive

New incentive framework with 7 annual auctions through 2028. Includes offshore wind and storage.

15 Dec 2024|Source: GSE
Visit GSE / ARERA

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
26
Onshore Wind
6.8
Offshore Wind
4.7
Battery
1.2

Active Subsidy Schemes

SDE++ (Stimulering Duurzame Energieproductie)
Technology-neutral subsidy for renewable energy and CO2 reduction. Sliding premium over 12-15 years.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
15yr contract
50-104 EUR/MWh
Offshore Wind Tenders
Separate tender system for offshore wind. IJmuiden Ver Gamma-A to include subsidy support up to EUR 104/MWh.
AUCTION
offshore wind

Auction Schedule

SDE++ 2026
Upcoming
Annual technology-neutral auction. Expected budget EUR 8-10bn. Grid constraints remain key challenge.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2026
IJmuiden Ver Gamma-A Offshore Wind
Upcoming
First subsidy-backed tender since 2020, via new TOWOZ mechanism. EUR 2.5bn budget (EUR 0.9bn Climate Fund + EUR 1.6bn SDE++), max EUR 104/MWh. Award H1 2027. Scaled from 2 GW to 1 GW after PBL advice.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2026
1,000 MW
Nederwiek Offshore Wind
Upcoming
Next offshore zone after IJmuiden Ver. Expected to include subsidy support.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
2,000 MW
SDE++ 2025
Results
Strong oversubscription. Grid issues caused many rejections. Budget EUR 9bn.
Deadline: 30 Sept 2025
4,800 MW
IJmuiden Ver Alpha & Beta
Results
Largest Dutch offshore tender. SSE Renewables (Alpha 2GW), Vattenfall-CIP (Beta 2GW). COD 2029.
Deadline: 15 Mar 2024
4,000 MW
Avg: 0 EUR/MWh
SDE++ 2024
Results
Strong oversubscription. Grid issues caused many rejections.
Deadline: 1 Oct 2024
4,500 MW

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Severe congestion across entire grid
  • Connection moratoria in most provinces
  • Queue of 90+ GW for grid connections
  • Non-firm connection offers becoming standard
Upcoming Improvements
  • Programmability requirement for new connections
  • Grid prioritization rules
  • Alternative connection solutions (GOPACS)
  • Smaller offshore sites (1 GW) to reduce developer risk

Recent Policy Changes

TOWOZ Offshore Wind Subsidy Mechanism Confirmed
Positive

Minister confirms IJmuiden Ver Gamma-A tender September 2026 with TOWOZ support mechanism. EUR 2.5bn budget split between Climate Fund (EUR 0.9bn) and SDE++ (EUR 1.6bn).

16 Jan 2026|Source: RVO
Nederwiek I-A 1 GW Tender Opens
Positive

Netherlands opens 1 GW offshore wind tender at Nederwiek I-A site with subsidy support under TOWOZ framework.

16 Oct 2025|Source: RVO
Two Offshore Tenders Shelved
Negative

Netherlands shelves Gamma-B and Nederwiek I-A tenders, plans single 1 GW site with subsidies. Zero-subsidy 1 GW tender received no bids due to market conditions.

19 May 2025|Source: RVO
Visit Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
0.3
Onshore Wind
5.1
Offshore Wind
0.1
Battery
0.2

Active Subsidy Schemes

Floating Offshore Wind Support
NOK 35bn (EUR 2bn) support scheme for Utsira Nord floating wind. Lowest support bid wins.
AUCTION
offshore wind
20yr contract
Electricity Certificates (Joint with Sweden)
Norwegian-Swedish quota obligation system. Low certificate prices, limited incentive effect.
GREEN_CERTIFICATE
onshore wind
Merchant / PPA
Most onshore wind developed merchant or with industrial PPAs.
NONE
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

Sorlige Nordsjo II Floating Wind
Upcoming
Second floating wind zone under development. Framework TBC.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2027
1,500 MW
Utsira Nord Subsidy Auction
Upcoming
Lowest subsidy bid wins. NOK 35bn budget cap. Following area rights award.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
1,500 MW
Utsira Nord Area Rights
Results
Two 500 MW floating wind areas awarded: Equinor-Vargronn and EDF-Deep Wind (Harald Hårfagre JV). 2-year maturation phase, then subsidy auction for NOK 35bn (EUR 2bn) support. COD from 2034.
Deadline: 15 Sept 2025
1,500 MW

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Growing transmission pressure from electrification demand
  • Expected consumption growth 40-120 TWh
  • Offshore grid solutions under evaluation
Upcoming Improvements
  • Statnett offshore grid assessment
  • Utsira Nord grid connection development
  • Fixed-bottom offshore plans cancelled

Recent Policy Changes

Utsira Nord Tender Reopened
Positive

Norway reopens first floating wind tender for three 500 MW areas. Deadline September 2025.

19 May 2025|Source: Ministry of Energy
Fixed-Bottom Offshore Cancelled
Negative

Norway cancels fixed-bottom Sorlige Nordsjo tender. Focus shifts to floating wind due to costs.

11 Feb 2025|Source: Ministry of Energy
NOK 35bn Floating Wind Support
Positive

Government proposes NOK 35bn (EUR 2bn) support scheme for Utsira Nord floating wind.

1 Dec 2024|Source: Ministry of Energy
Visit NVE (Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
20
Onshore Wind
9.5
Offshore Wind
0
Battery
0.5

Active Subsidy Schemes

CfD Auctions (Onshore)
Contract for Difference auctions with 15-year price guarantee. Technology-specific baskets.
CFD
solar
onshore wind
15yr contract
220-350 PLN/MWh
Offshore Wind CfD
Two-sided CfD for offshore wind with 25-year contracts. First auction December 2025.
CFD
offshore wind
25yr contract
476-512 PLN/MWh
Feed-in Premium (Small Scale)
Automatic feed-in premium for installations <500kW.
FIP
solar
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

CfD Auction 2027
Upcoming
Annual onshore auction. Continued program.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
Offshore Wind Auction 2027
Upcoming
Second offshore auction. Biennial offshore auctions through 2031.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2027
2,500 MW
CfD Auction 2026
Upcoming
Annual onshore auction. Expected volumes similar to 2024. Relaxed 10H rule expected to boost wind.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
4,000 MW
First Offshore Wind CfD Auction
Results
3.4 GW from 4 GW offered: Baltyk 1 (1,560 MW, PLN 492.32/MWh), Baltica 9 (975 MW, PLN 489/MWh), Baltic East (900 MW, PLN 476.88/MWh). 25-year two-way CfD. COD December 2032. Largest European offshore auction of 2025. Baltica 1 unsuccessful.
Deadline: 17 Dec 2025
3,435 MW
Avg: 486 PLN/MWh
CfD Auction 2024
Results
Strong solar participation. Onshore wind limited by 10H rule.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2024
3,800 MW
Avg: 285 PLN/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • North-South transmission constraints
  • Limited interconnector capacity
  • Conventional generation priority in cold periods
Upcoming Improvements
  • Baltic offshore grid development
  • Transmission infrastructure modernization
  • 6 GW offshore wind grid connections by 2030

Recent Policy Changes

First Offshore Wind Auction Success
Positive

Poland awards 3.4 GW in first offshore wind CfD auction. Baltyk 1, Baltica 9, Baltic East selected. PLN 476-492/MWh prices.

19 Dec 2025|Source: URE
Onshore Wind 10H Rule Amendment
Positive

Further relaxation allowing wind farms at 500m from residential buildings with local approval.

1 Nov 2024|Source: URE
Energy Storage Act
Positive

Dedicated regulatory framework for energy storage including grid services.

1 Jun 2024|Source: Ministry of Climate
Visit Urzad Regulacji Energetyki (URE)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
6.1
Onshore Wind
5.9
Offshore Wind
0.025
Battery
0.3

Active Subsidy Schemes

Renewable Energy Auctions
Competitive auctions with two modes: guaranteed remuneration (CfD) or general remuneration (market + contribution). 15-year contracts.
AUCTION
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
15yr contract
14.76-45 EUR/MWh
Merchant / PPA
Large portion of capacity developed merchant or with corporate PPAs.
NONE
solar
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

Norte Offshore Wind Phase 2
Upcoming
Second phase of Norte offshore wind plan. Additional floating capacity.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
2,000 MW
Solar Auction 2026
Upcoming
New solar auction round following strong deployment.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
1,500 MW
Viana do Castelo Floating Offshore Wind
Open
Portugal first formal offshore wind tender. 1.5 GW floating capacity. Application window extended.
Deadline: 31 Mar 2026
1,500 MW
Solar Auction 2022
Results
World record low price of EUR 14.76/MWh. Akuo awarded 370 MW.
Deadline: 25 Aug 2022
700 MW
Avg: 14.76 EUR/MWh
First Solar Auction 2019
Results
First auction. Lowest price EUR 14.76/MWh.
Deadline: 31 Jul 2019
1,400 MW
Avg: 20.4 EUR/MWh

Grid Connection Challenges

  • Grid access serves as key auction driver
  • Solar price cannibalization (avg EUR 44/MWh captured price 2024)
  • Limited interconnector capacity with Spain
Upcoming Improvements
  • Grid reinforcement for offshore wind
  • Norte Offshore Wind Plan development
  • Increased Spain interconnection

Recent Policy Changes

Norte Offshore Wind Plan Progress
Positive

Portugal advancing 6-10 GW offshore wind auction plans. Viana do Castelo 1.5 GW tender expected 2025.

15 Jan 2025|Source: DGEG
National Energy and Climate Plan Update
Positive

Revised targets: 93% renewable electricity by 2030, climate neutrality by 2045.

1 Dec 2024|Source: DGEG
2024 Solar Record
Positive

Portugal deployed 1.77 GW solar in 2024, new annual record. Total capacity reached 5.66 GW.

1 Jun 2024|Source: APREN
Visit DGEG (Direcao-Geral de Energia e Geologia)

Installed Capacity (GW)

Solar
3.8
Onshore Wind
16.5
Offshore Wind
0.2
Battery
0.6

Active Subsidy Schemes

Electricity Certificate System
Quota obligation system providing tradable certificates for renewable generation.
GREEN_CERTIFICATE
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
15yr contract
Merchant / PPA
Most new capacity built merchant or with corporate PPAs. Certificate prices low.
NONE
solar
onshore wind
offshore wind
Municipal Wind Incentive
SEK 700m allocated to municipalities approving onshore wind projects.
PREMIUM
onshore wind

Auction Schedule

Offshore Wind CfD Tender
Upcoming
First CfD-based offshore tender following framework approval. Multiple sites.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2027
3,000 MW
Offshore Wind CfD Framework Implementation
Upcoming
CfD framework implementation. Site selection and tender preparation.
Deadline: 31 Dec 2026
Onshore Renewables Tender 2026
Upcoming
New onshore support mechanism under consideration. Focus on grid-critical areas.
Deadline: 30 Jun 2026
1,000 MW

Grid Connection Challenges

  • SE3/SE4 transmission constraints to southern load centers
  • Connection queue growing in northern regions
  • Green steel/data center demand competing for capacity
  • Negative electricity prices increasingly common
Upcoming Improvements
  • Major transmission reinforcement plans
  • New offshore grid development
  • NordLink and Hansa PowerBridge expansion
  • 440 TWh offshore capacity under development

Recent Policy Changes

Kattegat Syd Permits Secured
Positive

Vattenfall secures all major permits for 1.2 GW Kattegat Syd offshore wind farm. COD early 2030s.

18 Jul 2025|Source: Vattenfall
Municipal Wind Incentive Program
Positive

SEK 700m+ allocated to municipalities approving onshore wind to overcome local opposition.

1 Jan 2025|Source: Regeringskansliet
Government Offshore Wind Review
Neutral

New government reviewing offshore wind framework, potential CfD introduction.

1 Dec 2024|Source: Regeringskansliet
Visit Energimyndigheten (Swedish Energy Agency)

Quick Reference

Key highlights across all tracked markets

47
Positive policy changes
2
Open auctions
Highest renewable share99.3%
Fastest grid connection24mo
Negative policy changes8

Upcoming Auctions

Next auction deadlines across all markets

Onshore Wind Auction February 2026
Upcoming
3,500 MW
1 Feb 2026
FER X Auction Q1 2026
Upcoming
4,000 MW
15 Feb 2026
CRE5 Solar Ground-Mount Period 5
Upcoming
1,000 MW
15 Feb 2026
Offshore Wind CfD Tender (3 Sites)
Open
2,800 MW
31 Mar 2026
Viana do Castelo Floating Offshore Wind
Open
1,500 MW
31 Mar 2026
Princess Elisabeth Zone Tender 1 (Relaunched)
Upcoming
700 MW
31 Mar 2026

Recent Policy Updates

Latest regulatory changes across markets

TOWOZ Offshore Wind Subsidy Mechanism Confirmed
Positive
16 Jan
CfD AR7 Offshore Wind Results
Positive
15 Jan
EUR 18.9 Billion Grid Investment
Positive
22 Dec
First Offshore Wind Auction Success
Positive
19 Dec
November 2025 Onshore Wind Auction - Record Low Prices
Positive
15 Dec

Grid Connection Timeline

Average months to grid connection

France24mo
Fast
Denmark24mo
Fast
Finland24mo
Fast
Germany36mo
Moderate
Italy36mo
Moderate
Poland36mo
Moderate
Portugal36mo
Moderate
Belgium36mo
Moderate
Norway36mo
Moderate
Spain48mo
Moderate
Sweden48mo
Moderate
Ireland48mo
Moderate
Netherlands72mo
Slow
United Kingdom120mo
Slow
Fast (24mo or less)
Moderate (25-48mo)
Slow (>48mo)